Can the USB used as a recovery path for booting when eMMC is corrupted?

USB can recover the Kernel alone. To recover the U-boot, SD boot can be used (SW1 on SOM ‘0101’). Please refer SD boot and USB boot from the software user guide.

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Please find the detailed product information here:
Zynq™ UltraScale+™ ZU19/ZU17/ZU11 MPSoC System on Module